OptimalPdMIndex

How mature is your
predictive maintenance,
asset class by asset class?

Most maturity assessments return a single score for the organisation. A single score cannot be acted on, because predictive maintenance is not funded for an estate: it is funded for transformers, or for pumps. This instrument returns a level for every class of asset you nominate, derived from what demonstrably happens to a measurement rather than from the level you believe you have reached.

Complimentary Resumable De-identified in any published output
Illustrative result
4/ 4
Compressors — Predictive Maintenance 4.0
B1 Acquisition
B2 Manipulation
B3 Detection
B4 Health
B5 Prognosis
B6 Advisory
Six ISO 13374 functional blocks · level derived from evidence
Level derived from evidence Predictive Maintenance 4.0 ladder ISO 13374 functional blocks ISO 14224 equipment classes Complimentary result
The problem

A single score for the estate cannot be acted on

Predictive maintenance is not funded for an estate. It is funded for transformers, or for pumps, or for one production line. An organisational maturity score averages those together and returns a number that no budget corresponds to and no individual is accountable for. This instrument returns a level for every class of asset you nominate, derived from what demonstrably happens to a condition measurement rather than from the level you believe you have reached.

What a single organisational score tells you

  • One number for everything you own
  • An average that no individual asset class recognises as its own position
  • A maturity band, without the specific step that would move it
  • A figure the organisation supplied about itself

What the OptimalPdM Index returns

  • A level for each asset class you nominate, assessed in full and separately
  • The one block constraining each class, named
  • The gap between where your own people place a class and where the evidence places it
  • A level computed from observable capability, not accepted from the respondent
The ladder

Five levels, defined in plain terms

The level definitions are quoted from the published Predictive Maintenance 4.0 research by PwC and Mainnovation, June 2017. Level 0 is an Optimal addition, covering the three per cent of the 268 companies surveyed that reported no predictive maintenance at all. The share shown against each level is where those 268 companies sat.

0
None
No routine measurement of condition is carried out on this asset class.

What this looks like on site. The class runs to failure, or is maintained on a fixed calendar or runtime interval. Nothing about its current condition feeds the decision to intervene.

1
Visual inspections
Periodic physical inspections; conclusions are based solely on the inspector's expertise.

What this looks like on site. Someone walks the route and looks, listens and touches. A judgement is recorded. No instrument reading is taken, so the conclusion depends entirely on the experience of the person who took it, and is not available to anyone else afterwards.

2
Instrument inspections
Periodic inspections; conclusions are based on a combination of the inspector's expertise and instrument read-outs.

What this looks like on site. A technician takes a portable vibration, thermography or oil reading on a route, and interprets the number alongside experience. The reading exists, but only at the moment the route was walked.

3
Real-time condition monitoring
Continuous real-time monitoring of assets, with alerts given based on pre-established rules or critical levels.

What this looks like on site. Permanently installed sensors stream continuously, and an alarm is raised automatically when a value crosses a limit that was set in advance. The rule is fixed; the asset is compared against it.

4
Predictive Maintenance 4.0
Continuous real-time monitoring of assets, with alerts sent based on predictive techniques such as regression analysis.

What this looks like on site. The same continuous data is used to estimate how long the asset has before it can no longer perform its function, with a stated confidence. The distinction from level 3 is a quantified time to failure rather than a threshold that has been crossed.

A peer comparison is not offered at launch. A benchmark is only as reliable as the cohort behind it, and a cohort of one sector and one region takes time to build. Until it exists, each class is reported against the published ladder and against the 268-company reference distribution above, which is stated rather than implied.

The method

Six functional blocks decide the level

ISO 13374 decomposes condition monitoring into a fixed processing sequence, from taking a reading through to issuing an instruction. Each block is asked once for each asset class you assess. The sequence is what makes the result diagnostic rather than descriptive: it identifies the single block that is constraining a class.

B1 · ACQUISITION
Data Acquisition

How is the condition of this class actually measured today?

  • 0None
  • 1Human senses only
  • 2Portable instruments, periodic
  • 3Permanently installed sensors, continuous
B2 · MANIPULATION
Data Manipulation

Once a reading is taken, is it retained, aligned to the asset and reachable by the people who need it?

  • 0Not retained
  • 1Retained but not reachable or aligned
  • 2Aligned, retained and reachable
B3 · DETECTION
State Detection

How is a departure from normal identified?

  • 0No comparison against baseline or limit
  • 1Specialist judgement in a report
  • 2Automated against rules or critical levels
B4 · HEALTH
Health Assessment

Once a departure is identified, is it diagnosed to a cause, and is that diagnosis held anywhere?

  • 0Not carried out
  • 1Diagnosis held informally
  • 2Diagnosis held against the equipment record, by failure mode
B5 · PROGNOSIS
Prognostic Assessment

Is the time remaining before functional failure estimated, and on what basis?

  • 0Not carried out
  • 1Time to failure estimated by judgement
  • 2Time to failure predicted by regression or equivalent, with confidence
B6 · ADVISORY
Advisory Generation

Does the finding become maintenance work, with the parts and the urgency attached to it?

  • 0No routed action
  • 1Recommendation made, not routed
  • 2Routed to a work order with parts and urgency

Advisory Generation is deliberately excluded from the level. An asset class can measure condition well and convert none of it into maintenance work. Including it within a single level would conceal it. It is reported separately instead, and where a class measures condition but routes nothing, the response is flagged as Stranded Measurement — usually the least expensive finding in the report to resolve, because the measurement has already been paid for.

Derivation

The level is derived, never declared

The rules are evaluated from the top down, and the first level whose conditions are met is the level reported. Nothing is averaged, and no level is accepted because it was claimed. The mapping from the six blocks to the ladder is Optimal's own inference; it is not published by PwC or Mainnovation, and every report says so on its methodology page.

Level returnedWhat must be evidenced for that level to be reached
Level 4Continuous installed acquisition, data aligned and reachable, automated state detection, with both diagnosis and prognosis carried out in some form
Level 3Continuous installed acquisition, data aligned and reachable and automated state detection against rules or critical levels
Level 2At least portable instrument readings, data retained in some form and some comparison against a baseline or limit
Level 1Some routine measurement of condition, at minimum by human senses
Level 0No routine measurement of condition on this class
The claim gap

What you are asked

  • Before any block question, you place the class on the ladder yourself
  • That placement is recorded in full and shown in the report
  • It is never scored and never contributes to the level

What is reported

  • The derived level, computed from the six blocks
  • The difference between the two, per asset class
  • A convergence reading across the estate: strong, moderate or divergent

A positive gap is not an error and is not treated as one. It is the measurable distance between how an estate describes itself and what the evidence supports — recorded per asset class, which is the level at which it can be discussed and closed.

The foundation

The ceiling that applies to every asset class

Twelve questions are asked once for the organisation. They set the level any class can reach and sustain, whatever the instrumentation fitted to an individual class. A class may well be developed above this ceiling. When it is, the capability rests on particular individuals rather than on established practice, and it is not reliably retained when those individuals leave. The report records that as a continuity risk rather than as an error.

Register

Whether the asset population is captured, and whether a hierarchy and naming standard is genuinely followed rather than merely published.

Failure knowledge

Whether failure modes are defined for the critical classes, and how much of that population has been through FMEA or RCM.

History

The depth and usability of work order history, and how consistently failures are coded and against what.

Sensing

The coverage, retention and accessibility of the process historian and the wider condition data estate.

Integration

How a monitoring finding actually reaches the work management system, and whether that path is automatic or manual re-entry.

Analytics

The analytical capability available to interpret what is collected, and whether it is retained in the organisation.

Each layer is scored out of five and read as the level it supports. The lowest layers set the ceiling. A question answered not known is excluded from its layer average rather than scored as zero, so no organisation is penalised for a gap in knowledge.

Sequencing

What to do first, and why that order

Recommendations are ordered rather than listed. Each is scored on what it would enable, what it would cost to carry out and how confident the underlying answers were. The weightings are Optimal's own and are printed in the method appendix of every report, so the order can be challenged.

levels remaining × consequence × magnitude × confidence effort, adjusted for stated investment appetite
Levels remainingHow far the class still is from the top of the ladder.
ConsequenceWhat a failure of this class costs: safety and environmental critical carries the heaviest weight, then production critical, then the rest.
MagnitudeThe unplanned failures and downtime actually recorded for the class. Where failure history is not tracked, a neutral value is used and the class is flagged rather than excluded without record.
ConfidenceThe basis of the answers. Taken from a system or document, 1.0; directly observed, 0.9; stated in discussion, 0.8. An answer given from experience alone is weighted at four fifths rather than discarded.
EffortThe work to lift the constraining block one step. Installing continuous acquisition is weighted heaviest; routing an existing finding to a work order is weighted lightest.
AppetiteYour own stated likelihood of investing in the next twelve months, which raises the effort figure where appetite is low.

A block answered not known is excluded from the derivation rather than scored as zero. A class is never recorded at a lower level because a respondent declined to estimate.

Automatic checks

Seven patterns raised for review

Flags are raised by the scoring service wherever the pattern of answers is internally inconsistent, or where a known failure mode in predictive maintenance programmes is present. They are observations presented for review, not conclusions drawn about the organisation.

01

Claimed Capability Not Supported

The class was placed higher than the evidence derives.

02

Stranded Measurement

Condition is measured at level 2 or above, and nothing is routed to a work order.

03

Sensing Without Interpretation

Sensors are installed and streaming, but nothing compares the output against a baseline.

04

Prognosis Without Diagnosis

Time to failure is being estimated for a class whose faults are not diagnosed.

05

Data Not Reachable

Readings are being taken and are not retained in any usable form.

06

Capability Ahead of Organisation

A class sits at level 3 or above while the organisational foundation beneath it does not support that.

07

Organisation Ahead of Capability

The organisation is well run and disciplined, and no asset class has been taken beyond level 1.

What you receive

Thirteen chapters covering your estate

The result is not a scorecard with a covering note. Every asset class you assess receives its own chapter, with the block-by-block assessment, the constraining block named, the full answer record and what would move it. The result is complimentary and carries no obligation.

01

Executive Summary

Result overview, respondent and scope

02

Asset Class Scorecard

Every class assessed, side by side

03

Claim Gap Breakdown

Where the estate describes itself differently from the evidence

04

Standards Alignment

What the method is based on, and what is Optimal's own

05

Foundation

The organisational basis for every class

06

Asset Class Analysis

Block-by-block assessment, a chapter for each class

07

Prioritised Recommendations

What to do first, and why that order

08

Risk Flags

Patterns raised automatically for review

09

Ladder Position

Where each class sits against the published ladder

10

Longitudinal Trends

What the second assessment cycle will compare

11

Advancement Pathway

A roadmap sequenced into your planning horizons

12

Propensity to Act

Constraint, appetite, horizon and purpose

13

Methodology

Derivation, weighting and the treatment of missing data

Basis

Published standards, and what is our own

Every report carries this table. Where the method is based on a published standard, the standard is named. Where it is based on Optimal's own inference, that is stated as plainly as the rest, because a method that cannot be separated into those two parts cannot be properly examined.

SourceWhat it suppliesStatus
PdM 4.0 ladderThe five levels and their definitions, from PwC and Mainnovation, June 2017Published
ISO 13374The six functional blocks and the order they occur in Published
ISO 13381-1Prognostics: what a time to functional failure means, and how confidence is expressedPublished
ISO 17359Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, general guidelinesPublished
ISO 14224Equipment-class naming used for the asset classes Published
ISA-95 / IEC 62264Fixes the level a response is given at, so two answers mean the same thingPublished
Block-to-level derivationThe mapping from the six blocks to a ladder level Optimal's own inference
Foundation ceilingThe maximum level the organisational foundation is judged to sustainOptimal's own inference
Priority weightingConsequence, magnitude, confidence and effort weights used to sequence the roadmapOptimal's own inference
Scope, stated plainly

What this measures

  • Predictive maintenance capability, per asset class
  • The block constraining each class
  • The organisational foundation, only to the extent that it caps what a class can sustain

What it does not measure

  • Organisational capability to sustain predictive maintenance across eight weighted dimensions
  • Governance, lifecycle value, materials readiness, workforce or resilience
  • Anything that would duplicate the GARPI benchmark, which is a separate instrument
Taking part

Four steps to your result

Progress is saved against a verified work email, so you can stop at any point and return to exactly where you left off, or pass the remainder to a colleague who knows a class better than you do.

1

Verify a work email

A single link confirms who is answering and secures your progress. Nothing is published against you or your organisation.

2

Answer twelve foundation questions

Asked once for the organisation. They establish the ceiling that applies to every class you go on to assess.

3

Nominate the classes that matter

Filtered to your sector, named to ISO 14224. There is no limit on how many you assess, and thirteen questions follow for each one.

4

Receive a reviewed report

Scored by the server rather than in your browser, then reviewed against the method before it is issued to you.

Running this in a workshop. A facilitation mode records who supplied each answer and captures a note against any question where the discussion went further than the options allowed. Those notes are carried into the report rather than discarded, which is usually where the most useful material in a workshop is produced.

Begin

Find out where each class stands, at no charge

There is no limit on how many asset classes you assess, and you can stop at any point and return later.

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– Governance Framework

GARPI™ Governance Charter

Principles of Independence, Anonymity and Respondent Rights

1. Purpose

This charter establishes the governance principles under which the Global Asset Reliability & Performance Index (GARPI™) operates. It defines the commitments Optimal® makes to every individual who contributes data to the index, the structural independence of the scoring methodology, and the rights of all respondents. It applies to every cycle of the GARPI™ benchmark study and to all parties who access, advise on, or administer the index.

2. Governing Principles

Data Anonymity
Access identity is held separately from benchmark scoring records. Published GARPI™ outputs – including sector benchmarks, regional comparisons and composite scores – report only aggregated, de-identified data. No individual or organisation can be identified from any published finding without explicit written consent.
Scoring Algorithm Independence
The GARPI™ composite scoring algorithm – including dimension weightings, maturity tier thresholds and bias-control flags – is determined solely by the methodology framework aligned to ISO 55001:2024 and the GFMAM Asset Management Landscape. No sponsor, advisory council member or commercial partner may influence or override the scoring logic.
Respondent Rights
Every respondent has the right to: (a) receive their individual GARPI™ Benchmark Report at no cost; (b) withdraw their data from the dataset at any time by written notice; (c) request a summary of how their data has been used in any published output; and (d) opt out of any follow-up communications. Withdrawal requests are actioned within 10 working days.
Transparency of Method
The eight GARPI™ dimensions, their weightings and the maturity tier definitions are published openly in the GARPI™ whitepaper series. Any material change to the scoring framework is documented, version-controlled and communicated to all prior respondents before the next assessment cycle.
Individual Professional Response – Not Organisational Submission
GARPI™ responses reflect the professional judgement of an individual practitioner – they do not constitute a formal organisational submission, endorsement or representation on behalf of an employer unless the respondent’s organisation has explicitly authorised such a submission in writing. Respondents participate in their capacity as experienced asset management professionals. No response should be interpreted as binding an organisation to any position, commitment or disclosure. Where respondents identify their employer for segmentation purposes, this information is used solely for sector and regional benchmarking and is subject to the data anonymity provisions above.

3. GARPI™ Global Advisory Council

The Advisory Council provides independent methodological review and sector credibility. Council members endorse the rigour of the GARPI™ framework; they do not own any intellectual property associated with the index.

Role Profile Responsibilities
Reliability Lead – Energy Senior practitioner from an energy supermajor or national utility Validates operational relevance of scoring dimensions for energy and utilities sectors
Head of Asset Management – Mining VP or Director-level from a global mining and resources organisation Ensures mining-specific asset lifecycle and investment criteria are reflected
VP Operations – Power or Manufacturing Senior operations leader from power generation or industrial manufacturing Stress-tests workforce capability and supply chain readiness dimensions
Academic – Engineering Professor or Research Director from a top-tier engineering school Provides methodological rigour review and validates statistical integrity

Council members serve a two-year renewable term. The council convenes twice annually – once before each assessment cycle to review proposed methodology changes, and once after publication to review data quality and identify areas for refinement.

4. Intellectual Property and Commercial Boundaries

GARPI™ is a trademark of Optimal Asset Management SA. The scoring methodology, Benchmark instrument, benchmark report templates and all associated intellectual property remain the sole property of Optimal®. Advisory Council membership confers no ownership, licence or commercial exploitation rights over any element of the index.

Annual Review: This charter is reviewed annually by the GARPI™ Programme Director and the Advisory Council. Any amendments require documented rationale, version control and notification to all active respondents.

GARPI™ GOV-001  |  Rev 02  |  31 March 2026 www.optimal.world
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