Pharma & Life Sciences · Digital Systems

Computerised System
Validation (CSV)

GAMP 5-aligned validation of CMMS, ERP, MES, historian and quality systems for regulated manufacturers — full IQ/OQ/PQ documentation packages meeting FDA 21 CFR Part 11 and EU Annex 11 requirements.

GAMP 5
methodology — risk-based validation calibrated to system category and GxP impact
IQ / OQ / PQ
full qualification documentation — Installation, Operational and Performance Qualification
21 CFR 11
FDA electronic records and signatures — and EU Annex 11 equivalence assessment
The Challenge

Regulated systems that
were never properly
validated.

Pharmaceutical and regulated manufacturers rely on computerised systems — CMMS for maintenance work orders, MES for batch records, historians for process data, quality management systems for CAPA and document control. In GxP-regulated environments, these systems must be validated: their fitness for purpose demonstrated through documented evidence before they are relied upon for regulatory decisions.

In practice, many systems in regulated facilities were implemented without adequate validation, were upgraded without change control, or carry legacy validation documentation that no longer reflects the system as it operates. Regulatory inspections increasingly treat data integrity and system validation as primary risk areas.

Optimal delivers CSV programmes using GAMP 5 risk-based methodology — providing the validation strategy, documentation infrastructure and execution support to bring systems into a state of validated compliance and maintain that state through the system lifecycle.

GAMP 5 Framework

Risk-based validation
by system category.

GAMP 5 classifies software into categories that determine the validation approach and documentation burden. Optimal applies the appropriate level of rigour based on the system’s GxP impact and software category.

Cat. System Type Examples Validation Approach
1 Infrastructure Software Operating systems, databases, middleware, network software Qualification of infrastructure components; vendor records; configuration documentation
3 Non-Configured Products Firmware, standard instruments, off-the-shelf software without configuration IQ/OQ based on standard specification testing; limited PQ for GxP-critical functions
4 Configured Products CMMS, ERP, MES, LIMS, QMS — configured to site requirements Full IQ/OQ/PQ; risk-based test coverage aligned to GxP-critical functions and configurations
5 Custom Software Bespoke applications, custom reports, tailored integration layers Full V-model lifecycle — URS, Functional Specification, Design Specification, IQ/OQ/PQ and code review
Systems in Scope

Computerised systems
we validate.

CMMS / EAM
Maintenance management and enterprise asset management platforms — work order control, PM scheduling, equipment history and spare parts in GxP environments.
MES / Batch Records
Manufacturing Execution Systems and electronic batch record systems — where data integrity, electronic signatures and audit trail requirements apply to product release decisions.
Process Historians
DCS and SCADA historians archiving process parameters, environmental monitoring data and critical utility readings that form part of the GxP record.
LIMS
Laboratory Information Management Systems — validated for chain of custody, results entry, instrument integration, OOS handling and electronic records requirements.
Quality Management Systems
Electronic QMS for CAPA, change control, document management and training records — validated for 21 CFR Part 11 and EU Annex 11 compliance.
ERP Systems
ERP where GxP-relevant modules are in scope — materials management, goods receipt, inventory control and product genealogy traceability.
Building Management Systems
BMS and environmental monitoring controlling temperature, humidity and pressure for GxP storage areas, cleanrooms and manufacturing environments.
System Integrations
Interfaces between validated systems — data transfers, API connections and middleware where GxP data flows between platforms, covering mapping, transformation and error handling.
Validation Methodology

The CSV programme
lifecycle.

Optimal’s CSV programmes follow the GAMP 5 V-model lifecycle — from User Requirements Specification through to Performance Qualification and ongoing lifecycle management. The scope and documentation burden is calibrated to the system’s GAMP category and GxP impact.

For legacy systems requiring retrospective validation, Optimal conducts a gap assessment against the current state before designing the retrospective approach — avoiding unnecessary re-testing while producing a fully compliant validation package.

01
Validation Master Plan (VMP)
Site-level validation strategy document defining policy, scope, responsibilities, documentation standards and change control requirements applicable to all computerised systems at the facility.
02
User Requirements Specification (URS)
Formal URS covering functional, GxP, performance, security and data integrity requirements — the traceability anchor for all qualification testing and regulatory evidence that the system was designed to meet defined requirements.
03
GxP Risk Assessment
GAMP 5-aligned risk assessment identifying critical functions, data flows and interfaces — focusing validation effort on areas of greatest regulatory risk and defining the depth of IQ/OQ/PQ test coverage.
04
IQ / OQ / PQ Execution
Installation Qualification verifying correct configuration. Operational Qualification testing GxP-critical functions against specification. Performance Qualification confirming the system performs reliably under actual operating conditions with live data.
05
Validation Summary & Lifecycle Management
Summary report confirming the validated state. Change control procedure and periodic review protocol to maintain validated status through upgrades and configuration changes.
Validation Deliverables

Documentation produced
by a CSV engagement.

Validation Master Plan
Site-level validation policy and strategy — defining scope, responsibilities, documentation standards, risk classification criteria and change control requirements applicable to all computerised systems at the facility.
User Requirements Specification
Formal URS covering functional, GxP, performance, security and data integrity requirements. Structured for traceability to qualification protocols — the regulatory anchor document for the system’s validated state.
GxP Risk Assessment
GAMP 5-aligned risk assessment identifying critical functions, data flows and interfaces — prioritising validation effort and documenting the risk-based rationale for the test coverage scope within the IQ/OQ/PQ protocols.
IQ / OQ / PQ Protocols & Reports
Complete qualification protocol suite — pre-approved test scripts, execution records and summary reports. Traceability matrix linking each test to the URS requirement it satisfies.
21 CFR Part 11 / Annex 11 Assessment
Evaluation of the system’s electronic records and signatures capability — audit trail, access controls, electronic signatures, data backup and disaster recovery provisions assessed against FDA and EU regulatory requirements.
Change Control & Periodic Review
Change control procedure for maintaining validated status through upgrades and configuration changes. Periodic review template for confirming the system remains in a validated state at defined intervals.
Case Study
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer — CMMS Retrospective Validation
Southern Africa · Pharmaceutical · CMMS Validation
Industry overview

A regulated pharmaceutical manufacturer had operated its CMMS for seven years without adequate validation — the system had been upgraded twice without change control and the original IQ/OQ documentation did not reflect the current configured state. A regulatory inspection identified the CMMS as a critical data integrity risk, given its role in generating maintenance records relied upon for equipment qualification status. Optimal conducted a gap assessment against the current configuration, developed a retrospective validation package covering GxP-critical functions, and executed IQ/OQ/PQ testing within a 90-day programme to resolve the compliance gap ahead of the follow-up inspection.

90 days
from gap assessment to validated status declaration — full traceability package produced
7 yrs
of unvalidated CMMS operation resolved with retrospective validation methodology
Zero
data integrity findings related to the CMMS at the subsequent regulatory inspection
Related Services

Services that work alongside
system validation.

QMS Gap Assessment
A QMS Gap Assessment frequently precedes CSV work — identifying data integrity weaknesses and computerised system gaps within the quality system before the validation programme addresses them systematically.
Learn more
Asset Performance Management (APM)
In regulated environments, the CMMS and maintenance data validated through the CSV programme become the foundation of a structured APM programme — connecting validated maintenance records to reliability decisions.
Learn more
Physical Asset Verification & Tagging
CMMS validation is only meaningful if the asset register accurately reflects the physical plant. Asset verification — confirming the tag register, equipment hierarchy and attributes — is typically scoped alongside CMMS validation.
Learn more

Need to validate a system — or recover one that wasn’t?

Optimal’s CSV practitioners combine regulated industry experience with asset management and CMMS expertise — providing validation programmes that satisfy regulatory requirements while producing documentation that supports the system’s intended operational use. Prospective or retrospective, single system or site-wide validation programme.

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